{"id":4180,"date":"2022-10-12T12:19:51","date_gmt":"2022-10-12T03:19:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/?p=4180"},"modified":"2022-10-12T20:58:56","modified_gmt":"2022-10-12T11:58:56","slug":"install-postgres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/?p=4180","title":{"rendered":"Install PostgreSQL (Ubuntu) and measure the effect of index <\/small>"},"content":{"rendered":"

1. Conclusion
\n\u2013 Adding an index didn\u2019t make it much faster.<\/p>\n

2. Install PostgreSQL
\n– reference https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/download\/linux\/ubuntu\/<\/a><\/p>\n

\r\n$ sudo sh -c 'echo \"deb http:\/\/apt.postgresql.org\/pub\/repos\/apt $(lsb_release -cs)-pgdg main\" > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/pgdg.list'\r\nwget --quiet -O - https:\/\/www.postgresql.org\/media\/keys\/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -\r\nsudo apt-get update\r\nsudo apt-get -y install postgresql\r\n\r\n[sudo] password for wsd01: \r\n\r\n...\r\n\r\nCreating config file \/etc\/postgresql-common\/createcluster.conf with new version\r\nBuilding PostgreSQL dictionaries from installed myspell\/hunspell packages...\r\n  en_us\r\nRemoving obsolete dictionary files:\r\nCreated symlink \/etc\/systemd\/system\/multi-user.target.wants\/postgresql.service \u2192 \/lib\/systemd\/system\/postgresql.service.\r\nSetting up postgresql-14 (14.5-1.pgdg22.04+1) ...\r\nCreating new PostgreSQL cluster 14\/main ...\r\n\/usr\/lib\/postgresql\/14\/bin\/initdb -D \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/14\/main --auth-local peer --auth-host scram-sha-256 --no-instructions\r\n\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u5185\u306e\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u306f\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\"postgres\"\u3068\u306a\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\u3053\u306e\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc\u3092\u30b5\u30fc\u30d0\u30fc\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306e\u6240\u6709\u8005\u3068\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\n\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u30af\u30e9\u30b9\u30bf\u306f\u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\"ja_JP.UTF-8\"\u3067\u521d\u671f\u5316\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b9\u7b26\u53f7\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f\u306f\u305d\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066UTF8\u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\r\ninitdb: \u30ed\u30b1\u30fc\u30eb\"ja_JP.UTF-8\"\u7528\u306e\u9069\u5207\u306a\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u691c\u7d22\u8a2d\u5b9a\u304c\u898b\u3064\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3067\u3057\u305f\r\n\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u30c6\u30ad\u30b9\u30c8\u691c\u7d22\u69cb\u6210\u306f simple \u306b\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\n\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u30d9\u30fc\u30b8\u306e\u30c1\u30a7\u30c3\u30af\u30b5\u30e0\u306f\u7121\u52b9\u3067\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\n\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\/var\/lib\/postgresql\/14\/main\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u3092\u8a2d\u5b9a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... ok\r\n\u30b5\u30d6\u30c7\u30a3\u30ec\u30af\u30c8\u30ea\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... ok\r\n\u52d5\u7684\u5171\u6709\u30e1\u30e2\u30ea\u306e\u5b9f\u88c5\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... posix\r\n\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306emax_connections\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... 100\r\n\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306eshared_buffers\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... 128MB\r\n\u30c7\u30d5\u30a9\u30eb\u30c8\u306e\u6642\u9593\u5e2f\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... Asia\/Tokyo\r\n\u8a2d\u5b9a\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30eb\u3092\u4f5c\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... ok\r\n\u30d6\u30fc\u30c8\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u30b9\u30af\u30ea\u30d7\u30c8\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... ok\r\n\u30d6\u30fc\u30c8\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30c3\u30d7\u5f8c\u306e\u521d\u671f\u5316\u3092\u5b9f\u884c\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059 ... ok\r\n\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3092\u30c7\u30a3\u30b9\u30af\u306b\u540c\u671f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u307e\u3059... ok\r\nupdate-alternatives: \/usr\/share\/man\/man1\/postmaster.1.gz (postmaster.1.gz) \u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u81ea\u52d5\u30e2\u30fc\u30c9\u3067 \/usr\/share\/postgresql\/14\/man\/man1\/postmaster.1.gz \u3092\u4f7f\u3044\u307e\u3059\r\nSetting up postgresql (14+243.pgdg22.04+1) ...\r\nProcessing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...\r\nProcessing triggers for libc-bin (2.35-0ubuntu3.1) ...\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
3. Confirm<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo apt list --installed|grep postgresql\r\n\r\nWARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.\r\n\r\npostgresql-14\/jammy-pgdg,now 14.5-1.pgdg22.04+1 amd64 [installed,automatic]\r\npostgresql-client-14\/jammy-pgdg,now 14.5-1.pgdg22.04+1 amd64 [installed,automatic]\r\npostgresql-client-common\/jammy-pgdg,now 243.pgdg22.04+1 all [installed,automatic]\r\npostgresql-common\/jammy-pgdg,now 243.pgdg22.04+1 all [installed,automatic]\r\npostgresql\/jammy-pgdg,now 14+243.pgdg22.04+1 all [installed]\r\n<\/pre>\n
4. External connection permission<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo vi \/etc\/postgresql\/14\/main\/postgresql.conf\r\n\r\n#listen_addresses = 'localhost'\r\nlisten_addresses = '*'\r\n<\/pre>\n
5. IPv4 local connections<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo vi \/etc\/postgresql\/14\/main\/pg_hba.conf\r\n\r\n# IPv4 local connections:\r\nhost    all             all             127.0.0.1\/32            scram-sha-256\r\nhost    all             all             192.168.1.1\/24          scram-sha-256\r\n<\/pre>\n
6. Service restart<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo service postgresql restart\r\n<\/pre>\n
6. Create user<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo su - postgres\r\n$ pwd\r\n\/var\/lib\/postgresql\r\n$ ls\r\n14\r\n$ createuser --pwprompt --interactive pgadmin\r\n\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9: [\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u5165\u529b]\r\n\u3082\u3046\u4e00\u5ea6\u5165\u529b\u3057\u3066\u304f\u3060\u3055\u3044\uff1a [\u4e0a\u8a18\u3068\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u5165\u529b]\r\n\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u30b9\u30fc\u30d1\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u306b\u3057\u307e\u3059\u304b\uff1f (y\/n)y\r\n<\/pre>\n
8. Connect from HeidiSQL
\n(1) Session manager
\n\"\"<\/p>\n
(2) After connection
\n\"\"<\/p>\n
9. Connect to postgres from terminal
\n$  psql -h localhost -U pgadmin -d postgres
\n\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc pgadmin \u306e\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9:
\npsql (14.5 (Ubuntu 14.5-1.pgdg22.04+1))
\nSSL \u63a5\u7d9a (\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb: TLSv1.3\u3001\u6697\u53f7\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f: TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384\u3001\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u9577: 256\u3001\u5727\u7e2e: \u30aa\u30d5)
\n“help”\u3067\u30d8\u30eb\u30d7\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n
10. Index effect measurement
\n– reference
\nhttps:\/\/symfoware.blog.fc2.com\/blog-entry-2527.html<\/a><\/p>\n
11. Create table
\npostgres=# CREATE TABLE json_test (doc json);
\nCREATE TABLE
\npostgres=# CREATE TABLE jsonb_test (doc jsonb);
\nCREATE TABLE
\npostgres=# <\/p>\n
12. Check with HeidiSQL<\/p>\n
\"\"<\/p>\n
13. exit psql<\/p>\n
\r\npostgres=# \\q\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
14. python version<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 -V\r\nPython 3.10.6\r\n<\/pre>\n
15. exit postgres<\/p>\n
\r\nexit\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
16. install  python3-psycopg2<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo apt-get -y install python3-psycopg2\r\n<\/pre>\n
17. confirm python3-psycopg2<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo apt list --installed|grep python3-psycopg2\r\n\r\nWARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.\r\n\r\npython3-psycopg2\/jammy-pgdg,now 2.9.4-1.pgdg22.04+1 amd64 [installed]\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
18.  Data registration program(python)
\n– table : json_test<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo su - postgres\r\n$ cat insert.py \r\nimport psycopg2\r\nimport psycopg2.extras\r\ncon = psycopg2.connect(\r\n    host = 'localhost',\r\n    port = 5432,\r\n    database='postgres',\r\n    user='pgadmin',\r\n    password='123456')\r\ncur = con.cursor()\r\nfor i in range(1, 1000001):\r\n    cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO json_test(doc) VALUES (%s)\", [psycopg2.extras.Json({'id': i, 'value':'value1-%d' % (i)})])\r\n    if i % 10000 == 0:\r\n        print(i)\r\n        con.commit()\r\ncon.commit()\r\ncur.close()\r\ncon.close()\r\n<\/pre>\n
19. Data registration execution<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 insert.py \r\n10000\r\n20000\r\n...\r\n990000\r\n1000000\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
20. Check with HeidiSQL
\n\"\"<\/p>\n
21.  Data registration program(python)
\n– table : jsonb_test<\/p>\n
\r\n$ sudo su - postgres\r\n$ cat insert.py \r\nimport psycopg2\r\nimport psycopg2.extras\r\ncon = psycopg2.connect(\r\n    host = 'localhost',\r\n    port = 5432,\r\n    database='postgres',\r\n    user='pgadmin',\r\n    password='123456')\r\ncur = con.cursor()\r\nfor i in range(1, 1000001):\r\n    cur.execute(\"INSERT INTO jsonb_test(doc) VALUES (%s)\", [psycopg2.extras.Json({'id': i, 'value':'value1-%d' % (i)})])\r\n    if i % 10000 == 0:\r\n        print(i)\r\n        con.commit()\r\ncon.commit()\r\ncur.close()\r\ncon.close()\r\n<\/pre>\n
22. Data registration execution<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 insert.py \r\n10000\r\n20000\r\n...\r\n990000\r\n1000000\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
23. Check with HeidiSQL
\n\"\"<\/p>\n
24. select.py
\n– table : json_test<\/p>\n
\r\n$ cat select.py\r\nimport psycopg2\r\nimport time\r\nimport psycopg2.extras\r\ncon = psycopg2.connect(\r\n    host = 'localhost',\r\n    port = 5432,\r\n    database='postgres',\r\n    user='pgadmin',\r\n    password='123456')\r\ncur = con.cursor()\r\n\r\nstart_time = time.perf_counter()\r\ncur.execute(\"SELECT * FROM json_test where doc->>'id' = '1';\")\r\ncon.commit()\r\n\r\nexecution_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time\r\nprint(execution_time)\r\n\r\ncur.close()\r\ncon.close()\r\n<\/pre>\n
25. Run time of select.py<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 select.py \r\n0.2227892939990852\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
26. select2.py
\n– table : jsonb_test<\/p>\n
\r\n$ cat select.py\r\nimport psycopg2\r\nimport time\r\nimport psycopg2.extras\r\ncon = psycopg2.connect(\r\n    host = 'localhost',\r\n    port = 5432,\r\n    database='postgres',\r\n    user='pgadmin',\r\n    password='123456')\r\ncur = con.cursor()\r\n\r\nstart_time = time.perf_counter()\r\ncur.execute(\"SELECT * FROM jsonb_test where doc->>'id' = '1';\")\r\ncon.commit()\r\n\r\nexecution_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time\r\nprint(execution_time)\r\n\r\ncur.close()\r\ncon.close()\r\n<\/pre>\n
27. Run time of select2.py<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 select2.py \r\n0.11176194200379541\r\n$\r\n<\/pre>\n
28. @>\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50<\/p>\n
\r\n$  psql -h localhost -U pgadmin -d postgres\r\n\u30e6\u30fc\u30b6\u30fc pgadmin \u306e\u30d1\u30b9\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9: \r\npsql (14.5 (Ubuntu 14.5-1.pgdg22.04+1))\r\nSSL \u63a5\u7d9a (\u30d7\u30ed\u30c8\u30b3\u30eb: TLSv1.3\u3001\u6697\u53f7\u5316\u65b9\u5f0f: TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384\u3001\u30d3\u30c3\u30c8\u9577: 256\u3001\u5727\u7e2e: \u30aa\u30d5)\r\n\"help\"\u3067\u30d8\u30eb\u30d7\u3092\u8868\u793a\u3057\u307e\u3059\u3002\r\n\r\npostgres=# SELECT * FROM jsonb_test where doc @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\n              doc               \r\n--------------------------------\r\n {\"id\": 1, \"value\": \"value1-1\"}\r\n(1 \u884c)\r\n\r\npostgres=# SELECT * FROM json_test where doc @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\nERROR:  \u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u307e\u305b\u3093: json @> unknown\r\n\u884c 1: SELECT * FROM json_test where doc @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\n                                        ^\r\nHINT:  \u6307\u5b9a\u3057\u305f\u540d\u79f0\u3068\u5f15\u6570\u306e\u578b\u306b\u5408\u3046\u6f14\u7b97\u5b50\u304c\u3042\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u660e\u793a\u7684\u306a\u578b\u30ad\u30e3\u30b9\u30c8\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\r\npostgres=# \r\nSELECT * FROM json_test where doc::jsonb @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\n              doc               \r\n--------------------------------\r\n {\"id\": 1, \"value\": \"value1-1\"}\r\n(1 \u884c)\r\n\r\npostgres=#\r\n<\/pre>\n
29. Query plan<\/p>\n
\r\npostgres=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM json_test where doc::jsonb @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\n                                   QUERY PLAN                                   \r\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n Gather  (cost=1000.00..18536.67 rows=10000 width=40)\r\n   Workers Planned: 2\r\n   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on json_test  (cost=0.00..16536.67 rows=4167 width=40)\r\n         Filter: ((doc)::jsonb @> '{\"id\": 1}'::jsonb)\r\n(4 \u884c)\r\n\r\npostgres=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM jsonb_test where doc @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\n                                  QUERY PLAN                                   \r\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n Gather  (cost=1000.00..16518.33 rows=100 width=51)\r\n   Workers Planned: 2\r\n   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on jsonb_test  (cost=0.00..15508.33 rows=42 width=51)\r\n         Filter: (doc @> '{\"id\": 1}'::jsonb)\r\n(4 \u884c)\r\n\r\npostgres=# \r\n<\/pre>\n
30. Create index<\/p>\n
\r\npostgres=# CREATE INDEX idx_doc ON jsonb_test USING GIN (doc);\r\nCREATE INDEX\r\npostgres=# \r\n<\/pre>\n
31. Check with HeidiSQL
\n\"\"<\/p>\n
32. exec select2.py add index<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 select2.py \r\n0.10611801099730656\r\n<\/pre>\n
33. exec select2.py add index without commit<\/p>\n
\r\n$ python3 select2.py \r\n0.10100354099995457\r\n<\/pre>\n
34. Query plan (josonb_test)<\/p>\n
\r\npostgres=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM jsonb_test where doc @> '{\"id\":1}';\r\n                               QUERY PLAN                                \r\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------\r\n Bitmap Heap Scan on jsonb_test  (cost=36.77..408.47 rows=100 width=51)\r\n   Recheck Cond: (doc @> '{\"id\": 1}'::jsonb)\r\n   ->  Bitmap Index Scan on idx_doc  (cost=0.00..36.75 rows=100 width=0)\r\n         Index Cond: (doc @> '{\"id\": 1}'::jsonb)\r\n(4 \u884c)\r\n\r\npostgres=# \r\n<\/pre>\n
35. Query plan (json_test)<\/p>\n
\r\npostgres=# EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM jsonb_test where doc->'id' = '1';\r\n\r\n Gather  (cost=1000.00..18050.00 rows=5000 width=51)\r\n   Workers Planned: 2\r\n   ->  Parallel Seq Scan on jsonb_test  (cost=0.00..16550.00 rows=2083 width=51)\r\n         Filter: ((doc -> 'id'::text) = '1'::jsonb)\r\n(4 \u884c)\r\n<\/pre>\n
36. result ( python3 select2.py )
\n– no index : 0.11176194200379541  (#27)
\n– add index: 0.10611801099730656  (#32)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
1. Conclusion \u2013 Adding an index didn\u2019t make it much faster. 2. Install PostgreSQL – reference https:\/\/ww…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4180"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4180"}],"version-history":[{"count":58,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4206,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4180\/revisions\/4206"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.wsd.sh\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}